Kaposi’s sarcoma
| Kaposi’s sarcoma (KS) is a rare form of cancer that primarily affects the skin and mucous membranes, but it can also involve other organs in the body. This cancer is characterized by the development of abnormal blood vessels and the proliferation of spindle-shaped cells. Kaposi’s sarcoma is caused by the human herpesvirus 8 (HHV-8), also known as Kaposi’s sarcoma-associated herpesvirus (KSHV). There are several different types of Kaposi’s sarcoma: 1-Classic Kaposi’s Sarcoma: This form of the disease primarily affects elderly men of Mediterranean or Eastern European descent. It typically presents as slow-growing lesions on the lower legs and feet. 2-Endemic (African) Kaposi’s Sarcoma: This type is more common in equatorial Africa and is often seen in young men. It can be more aggressive than the classic form and may involve lymph nodes and other organs. 3-Epidemic (AIDS-Related) Kaposi’s Sarcoma: This form of KS became widely known during the early days of the AIDS epidemic. It tends to be more aggressive and can affect multiple parts of the body, including the skin, mouth, gastrointestinal tract, and internal organs. Effective antiretroviral therapy has significantly reduced the incidence of AIDS-related Kaposi’s sarcoma. 4-Iatrogenic Kaposi’s Sarcoma: This type can develop in individuals who have received immunosuppressive therapy, such as organ transplant recipients. The clinical presentation of Kaposi’s sarcoma typically involves the development of reddish or purple skin lesions that may appear as nodules or patches. These lesions can be asymptomatic or may cause pain and discomfort. Treatment for Kaposi’s sarcoma depends on the type and extent of the disease. Options may include antiretroviral therapy for AIDS-related KS, local treatments like radiation therapy, and systemic chemotherapy. Newer treatments, such as immune checkpoint inhibitors, are also being explored for this condition.  |